The Production Of The Montara Oil Spill - 1991 Words

Mans continued reliance on fossil fuels such as coal and oil has driven the expansion and exploration for oil reserves in many of the worlds oceans including the coast of Western Australia. Whilst there is a strong push toward greener cleaner energy sources, the fossil fuel industry continues to draw on the support of the Australian Government and others, principally, due to the economic benefits and financial rewards for all. Australia has become extremely reliant on both imported and local sources of oil to fuel both commercial and private sectors. Local sources can be found in the ocean off the north coast of Western Australia, including the Montara Oil reserve in the Australia Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) operated by the Thai-based†¦show more content†¦This leak of gas and oil continued on until the 3rd of November 2009 when the PTTEP AA, were successfully able to stabilise the leak by pumping mud into the well more than 2.5 kilometers below the sea bed this was the fourth of three failed attempts to plug the hole (Gosford). Fortunately no one working at the oil rig during that time was seriously injured, though the same cannot be said for the surrounding ocean and environment. By the time they were able to stop the leak it had already been going for â€Å"10 weeks with 400 barrels of oil a day† (wwf - Lessons from Australia’s worst oil spill ignored) being released into the ocean and surrounding environment. The level of damage that had already occurred due to the oil leak on the surrounding environment was devastating and well beyond repair, therefore causing the Montara oil spill to be known as one of Australia’s top environmental disasters. It is only when disasters like these strike and the damage is already done that people choose to either take action as they fully begin to understand the level of devastation we are causing the earth or choose to turn a blind eye and continue along their destructive path, ignori ng that of not only the needs of the environment but also the common good. However it is represented, the ultimate idea and purpose of the common good is to sacrifices ones own self-interest to therefore provide for the basic

Class Distinctio Free Essays

Jane Austin critiques the way in which people put the importance of status to their actions, as we see the distinction between the gentry and trade being interwoven in her novels. In her essay on Class, Juliet Master remarks that, â€Å"Class difference was of course a fact of life for Austin, and an acute observation of the fine extinctions between one social level and another was a necessary part of her business as a writer of realistic fiction† (1 15). In Pride and Prejudice, Mr. We will write a custom essay sample on Class Distinctio or any similar topic only for you Order Now Collins instructs Elizabeth to dress simply, and not to try to copy the elegant attire of her high-standing hostess Lady Catherine as he says, â€Å"Lady Catherine is far from requiring that elegance of dress in us which becomes herself and her daughter She likes to have the distinction of rank preserved† (138). The distinctions in class are not only to be present, but they also have to be seen. However, Jane Austin sets moral status against social status, and for her tutus has to be earned and not inherited. In Pride and Prejudice, Elizabethan first impression of Mr. Dairy’s treatment of Victims, makes his moral standards to be not worthy of his standing in society. However, when she learns about his extensive responsibilities and goodness from his servant, her opinion of him changes as Mrs. Reynolds says, He is the best landlord, and the best master, that ever lived; not like the wild young men needlewoman’s commendation bestowed on him by Mrs. Reynolds was no trifling nature. What praise is more valuable than praise of an intelligent servant? As a rather, a landlord. A master, she considered how many people’s happiness were his guardianship! Ђ? How much pleasure or pain it was in his power to bestow!†¦ Every idea that had been brought forward by the housekeeper was favorable to his character. â€Å"—- Jane Student’s characters constantly keep reminding each other of their social class in society. Dairy prides himself on being a gentleman wit h all the duties and obligations that his status entails in Pride and Prejudice. Caroline Bentley also keeps reminding him that he would be lowering himself by associating with the Bennett family s they are connected with trade. What she forgets is that the source of their family fortune on which their status is founded is trade. Emma is a rich woman who does not want to associate with the middle class in Emma. Janet Todd argues that, â€Å"Emma wants Highborn to remain as almost feudal, stationery through time, so that she will always be ‘paramount’. † (96) This suggests that social class is very important to her and this portrays the life of the aristocrats in Student’s day who were opposed to change. Jane Austin questions just what it is that makes a true gentlemen or a lady. Social ann. must be part of it but intruding by the example of Lady Catherine. Her domineering superiority and sense of her own dignity is evident in all she says and does. Her unquestionable authority and right to control people’s lives is evident when she confronts Elizabeth about her rumored engagement to Mr. Dairy as she says, â€Å"your alliance will be a disgrace; your name will never even be mentioned by any of us† (186). It is obvious that because of her status, she thinks that she can treat other people the way she wants. She thinks that Elizabeth is not fit to marry Mr. Dairy because they do to belong to the same social, class but her daughter does. In response to her confrontation, Elizabeth tells Lady Catherine that â€Å"Dairy is a gentleman; am a gentleman’s daughter; so far We are equal† (186). However, Elizabeth is not dissuaded by Lady Catering’s threats and status. Juliet Macerates remarks that, â€Å"so much suggests that for Austin there is nothing divine about royal ¶y’, and not much that is special about peers. In fact characters with tittles – or ‘handles to their names’ as the Victorians used to say – are seldom admirable in the novels† (1 16). Even though Lady Catherine holds a title, she is morally and intellectually not worthy. It is only the likes of Mr. Collins who want to climb up the social ladder who succumb to her every whim, as she enjoys Mr. Collision’s flattery and his enthusiasm to give it. In an attempt to remain in her good books and to keep the company of the likes of Lady Catherine, Mr. Collins even knows how many windows Risings estate has. He reveals his self- importance in extraordinary long-winded speeches and ponderous attempts at social grace. Even though Lady Catherine thought of herself as Ewing superior, her tastes are offensive and pretentious. This is because she lacks inborn intelligence and breeding. Her attitudes and behavior offer an illuminating contrast to Mr. Dairy. Who does not wish to show off like other young men in his shoes. However, like his contemporaries, he despises the lower social class. This becomes evident when he advices Mr. Bentley to end his relationship with Jane. When Elizabeth accuses him that he had not behaved in a gentleman-like manner, he realizes how â€Å"selfish and overbearing’ he has been. Through Elizabethan prompting, he learns that while status is important, true breeding is not dependent on rank. Here Jane Austin wants us to realist that, even though the gentry are from a higher class they are not different from the other classes. It is not superiority that makes one a Lady or a gentlemen but it is compassion. In Emma, Mr. Knightly is a true gentlemen because he does not pride himself on his rank. Unlike other status-conscious people of his rank, he walks instead of riding in his carriage. His carriage is only used to transport Miss Bates and Jane Fairfax. He manages his own estate and he does not look down upon other people as we e him in conversing with his tenant Robert Martin. In contrast in Sense and Sensibility, Mr. Dashboard, is deficient of the dedication that makes good curators and ethical aristocrats of Mr. Dairy and Mr. Knightly. Through class distinction, Jane Austin also draws attention to the unfairness of primogeniture, which unfairly privileges one family member to inherited the whole estate, instead of dividing it equally between siblings as would be the normal thing to do today. This allowed the first born son to inherit everything while others remained with nothing. This was done so as to preserve the state and the family name, because if the estate was to be divided then it would eventually come to an end. In Pride and Prejudice, the Bennett girls are to be turned out of Longhorn at the death oftener father, because the estate has to be inherited by a male relation who will keep it the family. Similarly in Sense and Sensibility, the Dashboard girls are made homeless because the old gentlemen Mr. Dashboard wants the family estate to go to a male heir who will pass it on to his sons. This then renders the female siblings to be inferior to their male siblings as Juliet Master argues, â€Å"one might suppose that the filings in a single family would be almost by definition of the same rank. But even here there are marked differences in status, not only between sons and daughters , but also between one son and another’ (119). Not only does Jane Austin condemn the unfairness of the inheritance system, but she also expresses disapproval of the significant difference in prestige between elder daughters and younger daughters. In Pride and Prejudice, we see Elizabeth saying, â€Å"l think it will be had very hard upon younger sisters, that they should not have their share of society and amusement because the elder ay not have means or inclination to marry early. The last born has as good a right to the pleasures Of youth as the first†¦.. During Jane Student’s time, the eldest daughter was more prestigious than her younger sisters. Jane is called Miss â€Å"Bennett† while her sisters are addressed by their first names. The younger daughters could not be out in society before the eldest. While if the younger sister got married before the eldest, she also gained superiority over her elder sisters as we see Lydia saying to her eldest sister Jane, â€Å"ah! How to cite Class Distinctio, Papers

Employee Email Privacy

Question: Discuss about theEmployee Email Privacy. Answer: Introduction: There has been big legal hustle for rights of employee email privacy in organizations. The increment of dependency on computers and technology for every work in organizations has added to the menace of email restrictions in the premises of workplace. The advancement in technology has provided employers the power to check the mails of employees as they can have the power to indulge into electronic mails in the name sake of business activities and functions. Moreover, when this act seems to be unjust, it is actually allowed by the law of most countries. Other activities such as messages and conversations of employees may some privacy but the prowl continues.(Brandeisky, 2015) Null Hypothesis: H0=Email privacy is useful for the business organization. Alternate Hypothesis: H1=Email privacy is not useful for the business organization. The level of privacy in emails has deteriorated to huge extent. One should not expect the email conversations in business world to be private as even the judiciary system support employers. There are several organizations which have been monitoring mails of their employees in regular basis. Thus, the present article helps one to understand the concept of email privacy and the ways which can help one to handle such situations in the organization. The two hypotheses selected show the different facets of the term email privacy.(Guerin, 2016) The technology has played an important role in helping organizations to get a hold of their employees and their daily communication in office. Devices to track electronic mails are available and many organizations make good use of these devices. As the per the survey which was conducted by AMA (American Management Association), companies have used these devices and trackers for firing employees who have misused their business emails. More than 50 percent of organizations in United States are using these types of software. Major companies in the business world argue to the fact that such acts of vigilance are performed to stop the issues related to legal liability. Emails are documents which have validity and have to produce by any employer at the time of court trials. Many organizations have faced difficulties wherever a lawsuit was filed against them due to an employee email. So, in these cases the honourable judiciary system support the act of interference by employers if there is a business intention linked to it. Thus, it proves that emails are not private.(Chory et al., 2016) Email privacy wars are not constrained just into the premises of company campuses but have moved to different level where large email providers such as Microsoft are backing the plea. Recently, there was a court trial in United States between Microsoft and federal bureau of United States. The federal authority wanted the technological companies of United States to provide access on emails of the customers which are stored overseas. Ultimately, the court ruled a decision in favour of companies. Federal system cannot force companies to have control the information of their customers which have been stored on servers on different locations. The argument that was put forward and supported by technological companies were the control would create an issue on the privacy of citizens of United States. The decision in the favour of government would have provided control to foreign agents to have access over information of citizens of United States.(Mishra Crampton, 1998) Several cases have been registered against the use of emails in indiscreet methods and it has been found that laws regarding this topic are much vague according to the role of electronic mail and internet at organizations. Data protection act which was ruled out in 1998 supports the requirements of employers regarding snooping into mails. Hence, too much of relaxation to employer's side has increased the havoc of being tracked at any time. For example, employers can track any information which has been accessed by employees on their workstation. Moreover, due to configuration of official email accounts on personal devices would actually provide a chance for the employers to control personal contacts. Hence, too much of authority is provided to employers and confidentiality of employees' information should be kept in mind while amending laws. Certain efforts such as using different technologies for encrypting messages and mail conversations might be helpful against malicious activitie s within and outside the organization. Further, system should be securely designed to eliminate loopholes of intrusion or snooping activities. These acts will be beneficial to employees and guard their privacy regarding email conversations.(Peterson, 2015) The second hypothesis states that email privacy cannot be practiced properly by organizations. There are guidelines which are provided by the company related to the usage of emails in office premises. Organizations say that control on emails is put on employees to restrict legal issues. Surveillance of email accounts is valid till employers meeting the criteria of impact assessment.(Muhl, 2003) Reasons and evidence to support your position stated in your hypothesis statement. Filtering of messages is performed to monitor emails. Privacy laws do not protect employees from being monitored by their employers. Electronic mails are the property of organization whenever they are sent through workstations. There is a sense of business purpose from employer's side when monitoring of business mails is performed.(employment, 2016) Moreover, factors such as productivity, legal liabilities and other related problems force employers to have an eye on their employees system. Confidentiality does not prevail only to employees but there are various confidential information which are being transmitted in an organization through business mails. In such cases, employers are obliged to monitor those internal and external transmissions in their organization to secure their businesses. Further, there have been many examples in which the whole process was taken back from the organization by their clients for the sake of data confidentiality. Hence, business providers are very careful about monitoring of emails.(theguardian, 2016) Emails are prime evidences in cases whenever there is a clash between employers and employees. Moreover, it can be used as proof against both employers and employees to prove their wrongdoing or misconduct. Other trackers used by employers on their employees are website trackers to monitor the movement of employees on internet, blocking websites for employees for causes related to business growth, and also limiting the usage of some webs ites. These types of restrictions are assigned by organization to secure business processes.(Walker et al., 2007) Therefore, due to plenty of restrictions in workplace, it is better to eliminate chances of getting caught by employers. Moreover, there are some codes of ethics which are discussed by Australian Computer Society.(society, 2016) They include giving first place to public interest above sectional, business or personal interest, taking quality of life into account, honesty, and competence. It also believes in professionalism and professional development. Thus, it can be said that due to the current situations in business world, email privacy cannot be implemented effectively and thus, the alternate hypothesis cannot be fulfilled or executed. Hence, it gives support to the null hypothesis that email privacy does not support in the development of business organizations.(entrust, 2006) Restrictions have to be mandated and followed in business premises which would be beneficial for the organization and employees in the long run. There are certain steps which can be performed while working in offices. Simple steps such as limiting informal message conversation (messages send to family and friends) should be followed. Moreover, communication which may seem as unwelcomed or bigoted messages can be eliminated. In this manner, employees working in organization would have an insight about communications in the workplace. But there should be a balance between the privileges of employers about monitoring employee's private data. Legal help is always an option for the employees who are distressed and victimized by their employers. References Brandeisky, K., 2015. 5 Things You Didnt Know About Using Personal Email at Work. [Online] Available at: https://time.com/money/3729939/work-personal-email-hillary-clinton-byod/ [Accessed 24 august 2016]. Chory, R.M., Vela, L.E. Avtgis, T.A., 2016. Organizational Surveillance of Computer-Mediated Workplace Communication: Employee Privacy Concerns and Responses. Employee Responsibilities and Rights Journal, 28(01), pp.23-43. employment, 2016. Privacy in the Workplace: Overview. [Online] Available at: https://employment.findlaw.com/workplace-privacy/privacy-in-the-workplace-overview.html [Accessed 24 2016august]. entrust, 2006. Encrypting Email with Your Eyes Closed. entrust. Guerin, L., 2016. Email Monitoring: Can Your Employer Read Your Messages? [Online] Available at: https://www.nolo.com/legal-encyclopedia/email-monitoring-can-employer-read-30088.html [Accessed 24 august 2016]. Mishra, J.M. Crampton, S.M., 1998. Employee monitoring: Privacy in the workplace? S.A.M. Advanced Management Journal, 63(03), pp.04-11. Muhl, C.J., 2003. Workplace e-mail and Internet use:employees and employers beware. Monthly Labor Review. Peterson, A., 2015. Microsoft just won a huge legal victory on email privacy. [Online] Available at: https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-switch/wp/2016/07/14/microsoft-just-won-a-huge-legal-victory-about-email-privacy/ [Accessed 24 august 2016]. society, a.c., 2016. ACS code of ethics. [Online] acs Available at: https://www.acs.org.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0005/7835/Code-of-Ethics.pdf [Accessed 24 august 2016]. theguardian, 2016. Filter tips. [Online] Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/money/2007/jun/25/workandcareers [Accessed 24 august 2016]. Walker, M.W.A.L., Coopman, S.J. Hart, J.L., 2007. Workplace Surveillance and Managing Privacy Boundaries. Management Communication Quarterly, 21(02), pp.172-200.