Dreams and Cinema Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Dreams and Cinema - Assignment Example Many reasons why cinema was based on dreams were psychological. Theorists researched through psychology, sociology, and aesthetics to conclude that the dream metaphor has been used relevantly in cinema and has been established as the most important contribution in film theory. Dreams and films are both considered to be perceived objectively by the spectators and dreamers. Just as in dreams, in films as well we do not perceive the real presence of the people and situations. However, there are two characteristics which may separate films from dreams; and these are materiality and presence of the original physical object. This difference is not a major one when considering the use of dreams sequences in films with special lighting and sound effects. Freud’s theories have grounded the relationship between dreams and films. He was the best psychoanalyst who believed that dreams are the major source of all ideas. All dreams must have a visual representation which is the dramatizatio n or the representation of the dream thoughts through visual situations. Even though Freud never mentioned the use of film or cinema as the representation of dreams, his ideas about the dream thoughts closely relate to the visual film language. In addition to the views of Freud about visual representation of dreams, there were many other psychoanalysts who talked about the relevant consideration of the visual language of dreams. Jung, another psychoanalyst, suggested that dreams are developed based on a dramatic structure.

Critically examine the policy developments that have been introduced Essay

Critically examine the policy developments that have been introduced to facilitate collaboration in England and Wales.Outline th - Essay Example We can also look at it in the way that the two countries established collaboration or mutual benefits, thus, accepting their statements in their reports to be true. According to the Merriam-Webster Dictionary, collaboration is the condition of having common interests in either social or business affairs. It is an interconnection of two or more states, a liaison, and reciprocity. Relying on this definition alone, we can assume that the word used can be more appropriately defined to be an interconnection of the two states having common interest in business affairs. In the official website of the Kent/Essex police, it is explicitly mentioned that their primary goal in doing such action (collaboration) is to strengthen their police forces and to earn money as well. We can just simply say that the social aspects will be a side effect of the business strategy made by the two different countries. In a more political sense, we can see this as a political strategy by England and most especial ly Wales to compete in the global political as well as economic power. A Polarization is the fusion of two or more states to create a stronger entity in the international arena. In a broader sense, we can explain this phenomenon using different types of theories like realism, liberalism and complex interdependence. Using the information I have gathered, leaning to the facts stated in the Kent/Essex official web site, we can use the liberalism approach to have a deeper understanding on the collaboration of England and Wales. In a liberalist perspective, it implies that states are rational thinkers who can think of ways and solution of peaceful co-existence in the international arena. This mainly contradicts the realist perspective that believes that every state has a different interest and that it depicts other states to be a threat of their existence. We can assume that liberalist approach to be true by looking at the different international organization established now today. We ha ve there the United Nations as an organization of almost all countries of the world, the European Union (UN) in Western Region, the Association of South East Asian Nation and other related organization. These are deemed to be a helping hand of the different countries in terms of conflicts and other problems of either economic, security, political, etc. Looking now at state level, we can also say that the Serious Crime directorate, being a product of the Kent/Essex police of England’s and Wales’ rational ability to think of ways and to find solution to have a better and stronger police force â€Å"Since then, the collaboration program has achieved a number of success, including the sharing of air support and marine services and the formation of a pioneering joint IT Directorate – the first of its kind in England and Wales – and joint procurement unit – which had increased the two forces’ buying power and helped to save money.† – Kent/Essex Collaboration Team Serious Crime Directorate (SCD) The SCD was established just last year (2010) by the Kent police and Essex policy to protect their people from any danger in a more efficient and effective way. The Kent/Essex collaboration team started in 2007 and had already implemented several policies, specifically police policies to ensure and uphold the security of their people. These would include the joint Operation Forefront which includes: the joint marine unit,

Aggregate Supply and Demand Essay -- Economics

Aggregate Supply and Demand The quantity theory can be shown graphically in terms of the aggregate-supply aggregate-demand framework that has become popular in macroeconomic textbooks. Aggregate demand is the amount people will spend, or money multiplied by velocity. If money is 30 and velocity is 7, total spending will be 210. Total spending of 210 can be divided between prices and quantities in a number of ways. If the price level (P) is 1, quantity (Q) will be 210. If P is 2, Q will be 105, if P is 3, Q will be 70, if P is 5, Q will be 42, etc. When graphed with axes of price level and transactions, aggregate demand has the form of a rectangular hyperbola.1 This aggregate-demand curve is shown below as the MV curve. The quantity theory assumes that transactions are determined outside the model by the availability of resources and by technology. Because it assumes there are no adjustment problems, the aggregate supply curve is the vertical line shown in the graph above as the T curve. At each price level the same quantity is available, or price level does not influence quantity supplied. The price level is determined by the intersection of these two curves. If the amount of money increases, the aggregate demand curve shifts to the right. Since transactions are fixed, the end results must be an increase in price level. Notice that aggregate-supply and aggregate-demand curves are describing what happens in the market for goods and services, not in the market for money balances. If there is a disturbance in the money market, that disturbance is transmitted to the goods-and-services market via the aggregate-demand curve. The quantity theory encourages us to see a purchase of goods as a sale of money, and a sale of goods as a purchase of money. Changes in the resource market are transferred to the goods-and-services market via the aggregate supply curve. The quantity theory does not see the market for goods and services as the place disturbances begin. What we see happening in this part of the economy is the result of events in other sectors. Though very simple, this model helps make sense of a number of historical events. For example, U. S. economic growth in the late 19th century, spurred by increases in resources and improving technology, was faster than the growth in money stock. The graph above predicts deflation... ...lry, tableware, and artistic purposes. Their actions will reflect the law of demand: whenever a commodity becomes cheaper, people use more of it. Thus if there is a sudden influx of gold into a country that uses it as money, part of the influx will be diverted to its commodity use, and the effects on the amount of money, and hence on the price level, will be lessened. On the other hand, a sudden decline will also be cushioned, because as the commodity grows more valuable, people will transfer it from its commodity use into a monetary use. If the amount of gold declines and it rises in value, there is an incentive to melt down jewelry, tableware, and artistic objects and use the gold as money. Hence a doubling of gold may not double the amount of money, and cutting the amount of gold by one half may not cut money by one half. Second, if money falls in value, the incentive to produce more of it is cut and if it rises in value, the incentive to produce more of it is raised. If the value of gold increases, more people will try to find it, and if its value declines, fewer people will search for it. The third reason takes us into the realm of international economics. Aggregate Supply and Demand Essay -- Economics Aggregate Supply and Demand The quantity theory can be shown graphically in terms of the aggregate-supply aggregate-demand framework that has become popular in macroeconomic textbooks. Aggregate demand is the amount people will spend, or money multiplied by velocity. If money is 30 and velocity is 7, total spending will be 210. Total spending of 210 can be divided between prices and quantities in a number of ways. If the price level (P) is 1, quantity (Q) will be 210. If P is 2, Q will be 105, if P is 3, Q will be 70, if P is 5, Q will be 42, etc. When graphed with axes of price level and transactions, aggregate demand has the form of a rectangular hyperbola.1 This aggregate-demand curve is shown below as the MV curve. The quantity theory assumes that transactions are determined outside the model by the availability of resources and by technology. Because it assumes there are no adjustment problems, the aggregate supply curve is the vertical line shown in the graph above as the T curve. At each price level the same quantity is available, or price level does not influence quantity supplied. The price level is determined by the intersection of these two curves. If the amount of money increases, the aggregate demand curve shifts to the right. Since transactions are fixed, the end results must be an increase in price level. Notice that aggregate-supply and aggregate-demand curves are describing what happens in the market for goods and services, not in the market for money balances. If there is a disturbance in the money market, that disturbance is transmitted to the goods-and-services market via the aggregate-demand curve. The quantity theory encourages us to see a purchase of goods as a sale of money, and a sale of goods as a purchase of money. Changes in the resource market are transferred to the goods-and-services market via the aggregate supply curve. The quantity theory does not see the market for goods and services as the place disturbances begin. What we see happening in this part of the economy is the result of events in other sectors. Though very simple, this model helps make sense of a number of historical events. For example, U. S. economic growth in the late 19th century, spurred by increases in resources and improving technology, was faster than the growth in money stock. The graph above predicts deflation... ...lry, tableware, and artistic purposes. Their actions will reflect the law of demand: whenever a commodity becomes cheaper, people use more of it. Thus if there is a sudden influx of gold into a country that uses it as money, part of the influx will be diverted to its commodity use, and the effects on the amount of money, and hence on the price level, will be lessened. On the other hand, a sudden decline will also be cushioned, because as the commodity grows more valuable, people will transfer it from its commodity use into a monetary use. If the amount of gold declines and it rises in value, there is an incentive to melt down jewelry, tableware, and artistic objects and use the gold as money. Hence a doubling of gold may not double the amount of money, and cutting the amount of gold by one half may not cut money by one half. Second, if money falls in value, the incentive to produce more of it is cut and if it rises in value, the incentive to produce more of it is raised. If the value of gold increases, more people will try to find it, and if its value declines, fewer people will search for it. The third reason takes us into the realm of international economics.

Mine and My Parents’ Attitude on Life Essay

All of my life, my parents are the great shoulders for me to lean on. They share the happiness with me, comfort me whenever I am sad, they are the people who always catch me everytime I fall. However, , my parents and I do not have the same attitude toward my studying, my relationship and money. The contrast in our attitude makes our life, more or less, complicated but interesting. First, my parents and I have different ideas about studying in the college. From the start, for my parents’ attitude, studying in the college means only books and grades. They said to me as I was a freshman, â€Å"When you receives your degree, we want you to be able to get a job that will support yourself. We also want you to have grades that will make you a realistic candidate for that job. Don’t make college life a waste of time†. It means I will spend most of my time in the library, attend all the lectures’ hours, study hard day by day and at the end of the semester, I will have to show them my high grades. Following their advices, I do not have free time for myself, I can’t take part in any extra -curriculums such as sports, art and literature activities or even a small birthday party held in the dorm. My parents call such things above † the useless-and- waste-of time†. Waste of time and useless? Not on my life. How can I waste time with so many new ideas to learn and all the interesting and open-minded people to meet in these activities? How can learning to see the world in a different way and leaving college with a new outlook on life be a waste of time and useless?. In contrast to my parents, books and grades are not enough, I need more activeness and practical things for my studying. My parents and I also differ in the attitude toward the relationship between my opposite- sex friends and I. I have many friends, boys and girl, in high school, in the university, even at the shop where I have a part-time job. However, I find it easier to have the opposite sex ones as my close friends. They are easy-going, straightforward and less talkative than girls. I do think that we are only friends, that there is nothing unusual in our friendship; moreover, my friends, as well as me, are old enough to know the limitation between love and friendship. On the other hand, my parents do not share the same point of view with me. They always believe that there is no  friendship between boys and girls. They consider our friendship as love and â€Å"violently† show their disagreement whenever we mention this matter. â€Å"These loves will give bad effects on your studying and lead you to nowhere, my dear.†, said my mother times and times again. No matter how hard I try t o explain, they still keep their attitude, advising me to put an end to â€Å"such loves†-which are actually the friendship that boys and girls can have. The contrast that we have do not end with attitudes toward my studying and friendship but also toward money and the way to spend it. My parents have healthy attitude toward money: they consider money as a tool, as something they have, not something they are. Working hard day by day to support the family, they spend every cent of every dollar of the money they earned economically and reasonably. â€Å"A fool with his money will soon parted†, my father always reminds me. We spend much money on neither clothes, delicious food , nor presents for birthdays and holidays. My parents save money and never touch the saving in the bank if it is not necessary. Thanks to this, my sister and I could go to university without worrying about financial problem. Compared with my parents, I used to have quite negative attitude toward money. There was a time when I thought money was the most important factor in my life, money could buy me anything I want: happiness, friendship and other people’s admiration. I wasted all my money on fashion, expensive jewels, presents for my friends†¦etc. Unfortunately the salary I got from my part time job could not afford, as a result, I was stuck in debt at a very young age: 18. There were nothing left for me: no friends, no happiness, no respect, but the sadness in my family. Due to this unforgettable lesson, I can not disclaim that my parents point of view is definitely right. Though the contrast in attitudes toward such things as : my studying, my friendship, and the way to use money is the reason why sometimes we feel upset and even sulk, it do not cause the generation gap in my family. My parents are not always right, so am I. But we know that if we have more chances to exchange our ideas, we can understand each other well and makes our home a really happy family.

Proper Way to Live by Confucianism and Taoism Essay

Confucianism and Taoism are ideologies that originated from China. These two ideologies have become popular even though different in their various approaches. The analysis of this paper will include introduction of the main ideologies of Confucianism and Taoism, and it is also providing a comparison between the two ideologies. Confucianism It is a word used for the ideologies of Confucius, a scholar that existed at the time of warring states. The keyword of Confucianism generally is the concept of humanism (Ritzer 37). Among the five virtues of Confucianism are Humanism, Righteousness, Principle, Knowledge, and Integrity. Taoism He was a scholar who like the others lived in the period of the warring states, and had a different approach in his ideologies. Tao is the main concept of Taoism, meaning â€Å"way.† It is described as a spontaneous, natural, external way of things, as well as the way they pursue their course (Ritzer38). The argument of many philosophies is that in case people are going to let everything in life to flow in their own way, then everything would definitely work out, like in the starts of his argument in this case it affirms the word â€Å"refrain.† While Confucianism has emphasized more on humans and their capabilities, Taoism has emphasized nature and equality. According to Confucius when an individual has faults, he should not have fear in abandoning them. Confucianism recognizes the need to be strong by shunning away any set back from other people who do not recognize the ability that you possess as portrayed by the statement â€Å"Do not grieve when people fail to recognize your ability, Grieve for your lack of ability† (Ritzer 38). The philosophy talked about not listening or be bothered with what other people think about your ability but always rise-up to the occasion and not grieve. These concepts are what Confucius was using in bringing order and peace to society and he was considered successful in doing so. Based on the facts that his argument on life emphasizes more on the importance of human relations, it is still influential. Confucius has emphasized humbleness, the philosophy describes what a noble mind aspires to â€Å"slow to speak and quick to act,† in the same way the ancient people spoke little. This is similar to Lao Tzu view about life describing life to be with little quarrels in order to avoid quarrelling with other people. Moreover, Confucius view about life is all about loyalty, ready to change whenever wrong, always standing by your words, as well as choosing only the kindred as your friends. Taoism has emphasized humbleness and gratefulness throughout life, â€Å"†¦have little and gain; Have much and be confused.† Taoism also has considered humbleness in life in another perspective affirming need for a person to stand by his own words as a way of being humble. The philosopher describes wise men as setting example to all and in order for that to happen a wise man must always stand by his own word, a character that can be desired and be emulated. Taoism view about life has been considered as perhaps too mystical. It can be criticized to be just an ideology that is trying to escape reality. Moreover, as much as Taoism could give a skeptical view, it failed to provide a realistic solution about life. However, Confucius as a philosophy is more welcomed because it has a deeper sense of life with realistic solution, especially regarding the opinion that other people have about some other people. According to Confucius, people should not just be comfortable with the way they have been described and given title, whether positive or negative. When they talk good about other people, do not just take the complement and remain comfortable, investigate and find out the reason behind being good to them. This is always more serious when they hate you. Since there are many reasons behind somebody holding an opinion about another person, it is indeed important to investigate more why other people have decided to have that opinion, this is because there may be genuine reason behind doing so or may just be a misunderstanding of what was wrongly perceived. According to Confucius just like Taoism in some aspects every individual is required to act with virtue in every social matters, family, community, state, and kingdom, mainly to ensure order and unity. Though these two philosophies may have taken different philosophies, they have in one way or the other succeeded in shaping of the society in terms of their way of life and their approach to life. Realistic or not realistic their ideologies stand to stay and the perceiving mind is what should embrace and accept the reality. Conclusion Following the rise of individualism and freedom, the modern society always forgets their manners and patience. Most of the people tend to be selfish, rude, and having over high esteem about themselves. Just as emphasized by Confucius in his time, people should learn to be calm and respectful in life. Also Taoism has pointed out the need to learn being free, empty our minds, as well as clear our souls. This is because nobody in this world that do not need peace of minds. References Ritzer, George.Contemporary Sociological Theory and Its Classical Roots: The Basics. McGraw-Hill, 2009. 37–38. Print. Source document